| ●最上位目次 | ●健康全般 | ●自動車全般 |
自動車燃料としてのアルコール 第２シリーズ その５ 自動車燃料に混ぜるエタノール増加 [科学技術 テクノロジー]
| ●最上位目次 | ○自動車用燃料 Ethanol01 | ○自動車用燃料 Ethanol02 |
| ←04話 | 全08話 | 06話→ |
今回はその続きです。
ブラジルはエタノールの生産量の増加に合わせ、1980年当たりからアルコール燃料専用車の販売を促進します。
エタノール混合ガソリンも販売しながら、100%エタノールも燃料として販売しはじめました。
エタノール使用する方がランニングコストが安くなる用にエタノールとガソリン(エタノール混合)の価格設定したのです。
結果、一気にエタノール専用車の販売比率が高まり、1985-87年がピークで90%近くにまで高まっています。
ですが、その後石油価格高騰が収まってくるとこの専用車の販売台数は尻すぼみに減りだし、1996年頃1度途絶えます。
でも、ガソリン燃料としてその中にエタノールを混合する政策は変えていません。
このような方向転換は今のアメリカも当てはまります。最近まではE85(エタノール混合割合85%)を推し進めていましたが、チェールガスが使えるようになってから失速しました。自動車燃料にどうつながるのかわからないので不思議なのですが、シェールガス利用した燃料電池車でも考えているのでしょうか。
もっと広くとらえる必要があるのでしょうか。アメリカ国内のエネルギー需給関係でガソリンがあまって安くなったということでしょうか。
ブラジルの話に戻ります。
エタノール専用車が広まった次の契機は、2003年にフォルクスワーゲンがGOLFにガソリン100%でもアルコール100%でも問題無く走るエンジンを搭載し販売を開始しました。
このような自動車をフレックスフューエル車( flexible-fuel vehicle )と言います。
その後各自動車会社が追従します。
下の写真をご覧下さい。皆さんよくご存じのメーカーの後ろ姿が下の写真に写っていますよね。いまでは、多くの車がフレックスフューエル車になっていて、2010年単年の販売台数中77%がフレックスフューエル車になっているとのことです。当然日本車も入っています・・・。
フレックスフューエル車であれば年々変動する各種燃料の価格を自動車ユーザーが判断して燃料を選択できます。
毎年自動車を買い換えられる人はそう多くありませんから、自動車としての魅力が増す技術としてとても佳いですね。
楽生としてはここでもフォルクスワーゲンのGolfが先駆者になったことがうれしいです。
今日のうんちくです。
2,3年前、NHKでバイオ燃料を題材にブラジルが取り組んでいるドキュメンタリーを放送しました。
その中では、1)サトウキビ畑とそのサトウキビからアルコールを精製する工場を隣接させること、2)サトウキビ畑で働く人を確保するために、畑で働く人と精製工場で働く人の給料を一緒にして、3)互いに協力しながら改善案を出し合う組織作りをし、結果そこで働く人のモチベーションを上げているのが印象的でした。
広大な土地があるから出来ることかもしれませんが、一つの製品を作る人たちの上下関係を無くし、同じ目標に向かって切磋琢磨出来る環境が出来ると佳いですね。
これは、雇用を確保し、生産性を上げる努力をし、結果もうけが増え、更に国も富む佳い取り組みだと思います。
今日は貴重な時間を私のブログに割いていただきましてありがとうございました。
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